Nozzle-type filter for use in pipes or cigarette holders



Aug. 17, 1954 KERSHAW, 5R ET AL 2,686,524

NOZZLE-TYPE FILTER FOR USE IN PIPES OR CIGARETTE HOLDERS 2 Sheets-Sheet1 Filed Aug. 24. 1950 E wfl m N W M N W la N N. 0 5 M A m wmw m B 3%? A1954 R. E. KERSHAW, 5R, ETAL 2,686,524

NOZZLE-TYPE FILTER FOR USE IN PIPES OR CIGARETTE HOLDERS Filed Aug. 24,1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 6910/64 05 8- mac/6A4 C944 Sfiem 8; 5/. 5 &

ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 17, 1954 NOZZLE-TYPE FILTER FOR USE IN PIPES ORCIGARETTE HOLDERS Robert E. Kershaw, Sr., Key West, Fla., and Thomas F.Irvine, Jr., State College, Pa.

Application August 24, 1950, Serial No. 181,296

1 Claim. 1

Our invention relates broadly to pipes and cigarette holders and moreparticularly to a construction of nozzle-type filter for use in pipesand cigarette holders.

One of the objects of our invention is to provide a construction ofnozzle-type filter for pipes and cigarette holders constructed toincrease the velocity of the smoke While lowering the temperature of thesmoke and subsequently trapping the nicotine and tar.

Another object of our invention is to provide a construction of filterhaving a nozzle-shaped conduit for use in pipes and cigarette holdersfor maintaining the temperature of the smoke on the mouth side of thefilter substantially constant while the smoke temperature before thefilter may have a range of the order of 78 F. to 100 F.

Still another object of our invention is to provide a construction offilter having a nozzle: shaped conduit for use in pipes and cigaretteholders embodying a minimum number of parts which may be readilydisassembled for cleaning and which includes a cylindrical trap forextracting and collecting nicotine from the smoke.

A still further object of our invention is to provide a construction offilter having a nozzleshaped conduit for pipes and cigarette holderswhich a temperature reduction is accomplished by expanding the smokethrough the nozzle shaped conduit while increasing the velocity to theextent which facilitates extraction of nicotine and tar by abruptlychanging the direction of the moving smoke.

A still further object of our invention is to provide a construction ofa filter for pipes or cigarette holders including a nozzle shapedconduit continuous with an expansion chamber concentrically disposedwithin a trap chamber, the nozzle shaped conduit, the expansion chamberand the trap chamber being so proportioned that an abrupt change in thedirection of movement of the smoke is effected and the heavier tarproducts in the smoke, because of inertia, being unable to changedirection as quickly as the lighter products in the smoke, areprecipitated and the tar products collected in the trap chamber whilethe smoke continues to move through the pipe or cigarette holder.

Other and further objects of our invention reside in a construction of afilter having a nozzleshaped conduit for pipes and cigarette holders inwhich the parts are proportioned to efiect increase in velocity and alowering of temperature of the smoke while extracting therefrom nicotineand tar products as set forth more iully n th sp cificat n h a te oll wng by l ierenee t9 h om in d aw n s which Fi ure 1 is a longi u in lsectiona v ew tak n t ou h a i e show n h a pl eetlen 0f the filter ofour inv nt on ta n of he parts lee-1 ing shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is afragmentary vertical sectional view on a slightly enlarged scale showingthe nozzle-type filter of our invention position; Fig. 3 is a verticalsectional view taken On line 3-3 of F F i a v r ica seetiona view ta enon li 4 o F e- 2; Fie- 5 is a ver ic s c ion l vie en on line of Fig. 2;Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view ake on line ;65 of Fig. 2; Fig, '7is a vertical sectional view through th fi t r S q or 9 1. ly theconstruction of the nozzle and the expansion chamber; Fig. ,8 is across-sectional view showi g more clearly the trap chamber whichreceives the filter and expansion chamber; and Fig. 9 is a curve diagramshowing the characteristics of the filter of our invention as (5011 -1pared to the characteristics of a conventional type filter heretofor u ei pi es and are t holders.

Our invention is directed to a construction of smoke filter for use inpipes and cigarette hold,- ers that lowers the temperature of the smokeand removes large amounts of the nicotine and tar. The temperaturereduction is accomplished by expanding the smoke through a nozzle shapedconduit. The resulting velocity increase is then utilized to remove thenicotine and tar by abrupt- 1y changing the direction of the movingsmoke. The heavier tar products because ,of inertia, are unable tochange direction as easily as the lighter products in the smoke so thatthe tar is extracted from the smoke and precipitated in a trap chamberwhere it collects and is removed from time to time. The temperature ofthe smoke on the mouth-side of the nozzleetype filter remainsessentially constant while the smoke temperature before the filter israised from 78 F. to F. This compares to the action of a conventionalfilter where the smoke temperature on the mouth-side of the filter mayrise from 78 F. to 83 F. under substantially like conditions.

Referring to the drawings in detail reference character I designates theconventional pipe stem while reference character 2 designates theconventional mouth-piece. The filter and trap chamber of our inventionare located between the tubular portion of pipe stem I adjacent thecombustion zone and the bit or mouth-piece 2 a s wn- T e titer c si ts 9a c l ndr ca rt n 3 i te r l enn h d with a e i driee portion 4 ofreduced section constituting an expansion chamber. The cylindricalportion 4 of reduced section is provided with three sets of apertures.One set of these apertures designated at 5 are located in alignment witha vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the pipe or cigaretteholder when in smoking position. The other sets of apertures are locatedin the side walls of cylindrical portion t as represented at S and 'idisposed at 90 from the set of apertures 5 and diametrically alignedwith respect to each other. The set of apertures 5 are located in linearalignment with each other and between the spaced positions of the setsof apertures 6 and 'i'. All of the apertures are located in thecylindrical portion 4 of reduced section beyond the cylindrical portion3. The cylindrical portion 4 constituting the expansion chamberterminates within the cylindrical portion 3 at outwardly inclined wall 8which connects to the minimum section end of the nozzle 50. The maximumsection end of the nozzle i opens into the recessed cylindrical portionH of the cylindrical portion 3. Thus smoke from the pipe bowl |2 passesthrough bore M and enters the filter at position I being directed intothe recessed cylindrical portion H and into the wide section end of thenozzle like conduit Hi. The nozzle shaped conduit 0 is formed on a curveextending from the maximum section Hia to the minimum section lb forminga central continuous passage with respect to the column formed by theconnection of the pipe bowl l2 through bore M to the position at theentrance to the filter. The velocity of the smoke is increased over thedistance from the maximum section end to the minimum section end of thenozzle shaped conduit It and its temperature is lowered over the samedistance after which the smoke is injected into the cylindricalexpansion chamber 4. The cylindrical portion 3 is provided with externalscrew threads i6 thereon located in a position adjacent the connectionof the cylindrical portion' 4 of reduced section with the cylindricalportion 3. The screw threads it are substantially central of the overalllength of the nozzletype filter within cylindrical portions 3 and i.

The external screw threads it engage the internal screw threads ii inthe trap chamber section i8 of the filter. The trap chamber section itserves as the coupling means between the pipe and the mouth-piece 2 ofthe pipe. Trap chamber section is has a reduced cylindrical end portioni9 which enters the end of the stem of the mouth-piece 2 at 20. Theinterior of the trap chamber section |8 is provided with an internallydisposed baiiie 2| in a position intermediate the connection of thecylindrical portion IQ of reduced section and the cylindrical portion |8of the trap chamber section. Bafile 2| extends across the entireinterior bore of the trap chamber section It except for a segmentalshaped opening 22 arranged in the baflie 2| in a position adjacent thetop of the baffle 2| when the pipe or cigarette holder in which thefilter is installed is held in a horizontal smoking position. The baffle2| is centrally recessed forming a cylindrical socket shown at 23 forreceiving the end 24 of the expansion chamber 4. As the several partscomprising the filter and the trap chamber are linearly brought togetherinto a position coupling the mouth-piece 2 and the pipe I the end 24 ofexpansion chamber 4 enters the cylindrical socket or recess 23 and issupported in spaced relation to the interior wall 25 of the cylindricalportion l8. Thus a trap chamber 26 4 for nicotine and tar products isformed in an annular cylindrical zone intermediate the inner wall 25 oftrap chamber section i8 and the exterior surface of expansion chamber 4of the filter section.

In order for the smoke to escape from expansion chamber 4 it mustquickly change its direction under conditions of high velocity throughthe nozzle shaped conduit It and the expansion chamber 4 at which timethe heavier smoke products, or nicotine and tars being unable to undergothis abrupt change in direction of fiow are impacted against the bafiie2|. The smoke after coming out of the sets of apertures 5, 6 and l inexpansion chamber 4 into the trap chamber 26, must again changedirection abruptly to make its way through the ejection aperture 22 inbattle 26. This additional direction change again results in theimpacting of the smoke against the inner walls 25 of the trap chambersection I8 and against the annular zone 2'! of the baflie 2|. Theheavier smoke products such as the nicotine and tar still entrained inthe smoke issuing through sets of apertures 5, 6 and i in impactingagainst the confining surfaces 25 and 21 precipitates and deposits inthe trap chamber 26. The smoke having now been filtered and cooledcontinues through the aperture 22 and through the stem of the pipe andpasses through the mouth-piece 2 to the smokers mouth.

The eificiency of the filter of our invention as compared with theemciency obtainable with conventional type filters will be understoodmore fully by reference to the characteristic curves of Fig. 9. Thesecurves were obtained from actual test data in which thermometers wereintroduced both before and after the filter position in a pipe. Smokewas drawn through the pipe and filter section and the temperaturerecorded both before and after the filter position. Runs lastingapproximately 2 minutes each with first the conventional type filter inposition and then with applicants filter in position were run. The datawas then plotted as shown on the graph of Fig. 9. Characteristic curve28 shows the performance for a conventional type filter whilecharacteristic curve 29 shows the performance for a filter constructedin accordance with our invention. It will be observed that for the samerange of before filter smoke temperatures that is 78 to F. aconsiderable difference in after filter temperatures exists between theconventional filter and our filter. Using a baifie type of filter whichwe have designated as the conventional type filter, the smoketemperature showed a rise of approximately 5 whereas using our filter anessentially constant temperature was achieved. These tests wereconducted with a test equipment constructed from clear Lucite so thatvisual observations might be made of the disposition of the nicotine andtar products. The quantities of nicotine tar products collected by thetrap chamber of our filter was considerably greater than the nicotineand tar products adhering to the parts of the bailies of theconventional type filter. Large amounts of nicotine and tar removed fromthe trap chamber of our invention after the test runs supported thisobservation.

Because of the fact that the trap chamber section |8 is readilyremovable from the filter section 3, the cleaning of the parts to removethe nicotine and tar products in trap chamber 28 is readilyaccomplished. Actual use tests by habitual smokers have demonstratedthat the trap chamber 26 is most effective in entrapping nicotine andtar products. The filter is easily kept uncontaminated and clean afterdaily use by a soaking and scrubbing operation.

While we have described our invention in certain preferred embodiments,we realize that modifications may be made and We desire that it beunderstood that no limitations upon our invention are intended otherthan may be imposed by the scope of the appended claim.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States is as follows:

A filter for pipes and cigarette holders, said filter having a stemprovided with a substantially cylindrical bore and an integraltransverse baffle element disposed in and perpendicular to the bore axisadjacent the bit end of the stem, said filter comprising a substantiallycylindrical base section and a cylindrical neck section of smallerdiameter than the base section connected thereto, said cylindrical basesection being of substantially the same diameter as the diameter of thebore and being provided with external screw threads intermediate theends thereof and engageable with internal screw threads formed on theinternal walls of the filter stem, said base section being formed with acylindrical recess in that end of the section designed to be disposedclosest to the tobacco combustion area, and having a cylindricalexpansion chamber on the other end of the base section which extendsinto the neck section, the said expansion chamber having a smallerdiameter than the recess and being connected thereto by a smoke channelhaving the form of a nozzle opening, the end of the neck section beingadapted to be received in a cylindrical recess in the bafile element,the top portion of the neck section and the top portion of the bafiiebeing apertured to permit the passage of smoke therethrough and thespace between the neck section and the inner walls of the stem providinga trap chamber for nicotine and tar products.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 56,997 Norwood Aug. 7, 1886 548,203 I-Iynds Oct. 22, 18951,236,545 Conley Aug. 14, 1917 1,582,971 Conley May 4, 1926 2, 03,373Lavietes June 4, 1935 2,024,865 McArdle Dec. 17, 1935 2,245,019 SternJune 10, 1941 2,362,891 Dunkelberger Nov. 14, 1944 2,544,206 Wilson Mar.6, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 146 Great Britain 1880606,091 France Mar. 1, 1926

